Indian Mythology Of Hindu Mythology - 2302 Words

INTRODUCTION In Mythologies across the world there have been innumerable references to non-heterosexuality. Hindu mythology tells of women becoming men, such as Shikhandi, and men becoming women, in the case of Vishnu who turns Mohini. There are also stories of men creating children without women and vice versa, Nara and Narayana who gave birth to Urvashi, and the boneless Bhagirath who was born of two women. Even the languages of this country, Sanskrit, Prakrit and Tamil include words like kliba, napumsaka, mukhabhaga, pedi, etc that point to familiarity with non heterosexual behavior and thought. Indian mythology is a work in progress. That is to say a story that continues to be told and retold over generations. It has developed sub-plots; new characters have been introduced and relatable events and changes in perspectives according to the storyteller have taken place. This is especially true of the epics of Hindu mythology, the Ramayana and the Mahabharata. The Mahabharata reached its final form somewhere between 300 BCE and 300 CE. It is generally thought that it was initially a simple folk story. With each retelling, it was â€Å"appropriated, Sanskrit-ized, and sanitized by Brahmins†. Earlier the book was known as Jaya, with 8,800 verses, attributed to Vyasa; Bharata with 24,000 verses as recited by Vaisampayana, and finally the Mahabharata as told by Ugrasrava Sauti exceeding 100,000 verses. The present version includes eighteen chapters and spans over sevenShow MoreRelatedReligious Beliefs on the After-Life Essay965 Words   |  4 Pages2011). This essay will therefore compare the various aspects of believes After-life such as the definition of the particular religion, how the body is treated, death angels, judgment of the soul and reincarnation versus resurrection according to the Hindu and the Islamic religion. To first understand such elements on a particular religion, a basic understanding of that religion is necessary. 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Personal Leadership Free Essays

There are as many leadership philosophies as people and rightly so. Each person is unique in their own ways with specific personality traits and aptitudes which make them who they are. While some people are more naturally inclined towards leadership than others, the majority of leaders are developed through the continued honing of their leadership skills. We will write a custom essay sample on Personal Leadership or any similar topic only for you Order Now Along their leadership Journeys people acquire various skills and paradigms allowing them to extend and apply themselves beyond their own natural abilities. While people cannot change their genetic makeup, they an take specific action and make certain decisions to help them be an effective leader. In this paper I will discuss three leadership concepts (personal integrity, transforming leadership, and encouraging and enabling others) which convey my leadership philosophy. Finally, I will illustrate how the adaptation of these three concepts would help a person lead their organization more effectively. PERSONAL INTEGRITY There are many leaders and managers in our world who are given titles, yet fail to lead, guide, or unite their constituents because they fail to model their expectations. In The Leadership Challenge, Kouzes and Posner (2002) begin a discussion of modeling by saying â€Å"Titles are granted, but it’s your behavior that wins you respect† (p. 14). While salaries and titles may have some personal value toa leader, they mean little to their subordinates and may even be a target for criticism for some if a leader lacks integrity. As a leader, it is critical to model the way and move forth with servant leadership. Servant leadership is different from the traditional power- based leadership in many ways. Robert Greenleaf (2005) defines and identifies the oals of servant leadership by saying this: â€Å"The difference manifests itself in the care taken by the servant-first to make sure that other people’s highest priority needs are being served. The best test, and difficult to administer, is: Do those served grow as persons? Do they, while being served, become healthier, wiser, freer, more autonomous, more likely themselves to become servants? And, what is the effect on the least privileged in society? Will they benefit or at least not be further deprived? † (p. 25) The focus of servant leaders is on the raising up and growth of constituents through modeling. Rather than assigning a task and expected a result, servant leaders will come alongside constituents teaching them the way to accomplish the task and at the same time instilling the values of servanthood and modeling in them. effective leadership and greater rapport amongst constituents. Yukl (2006, p. 210) writes that â€Å"Integrity is a primary determinant of interpersonal trust. Unless one is perceived to be trustworthy, it is difficult to retain the loyalty of the followers or to obtain cooperation and support from peers and superiors. † Without the support and eamwork of constituents, a leader will fail to meet the set goals. The Center for Creative Leadership found that the absence of integrity directly correlated with the failure of leaders and vice versa (p. 211). For a leader to develop integrity amongst their constituents, they must be deemed honest, trustworthy, loyal, and uphold confidentiality. The development of a leader’s integrity requires time, energy, and patience invested in their workers through modeling and servant leadership. John J. Gardiner summarizes this competently in saying â€Å"integrity comes from sublimating our egos nd giving ourselves entirely to life† (Spears, 1998, p. 1 19). TRANSFORMING LEADERSHIP Many different paradigms of leadership exist and are useful tools for leading groups of people to success, but transforming leadership offers an excellent overarching view and structure for leaders to use when working with people of different values and persuasions. James MacGregor Burns says the transforming leader â€Å"looks for potential motives in the followers, seeks to satisfy higher needs, and engages the full person of the follower,’ which results in ‘a relationship of mutual stimulation and levation’ for both leader and follower† (Carey, 2008, p. 7). By having insights into the constituents’ attitude towards the organization, the transforming leader can develop personalized strategies to help workers move closer accomplishing both the goals of the organizations and their personal aspirations. In the second module, the five frames of reference were described illustrating the disruption causes by self-embeddedeness. Being stuck in a single frame of reference can become a problem for a worker when required to work with those stuck in other frames of reference. When the partial truths contained in one of the individual the frames are confused with the whole Truth, then whatever value there is in the frame’s outlook becomes distorted† Carey, 2008, p. 2). When a leader operates solely within a single frame of reference, their distortions impact the goals and workers of the organization. Transforming leaders move from their original frame of reference towards a â€Å"fundamental option for self-transcendence† which â€Å"pulls the individual toward the logos and, therefore, in the direction of either transactional or transforming leadership† (Carey, 2008, p. ). While transactional leadership is sometimes necessary to accomplish intermediate goals and simple tasks, the conversion of workers to leaders through transforming leadership will be more likely to accomplish long-term success for both the organization and its constituents. I have never encountered a person who has claimed they have received too much encouragement. I have also never met anyone that has single-handedly made their organization successful. In other words, leaders need to be surrounded with people united in purpose for their organization to be successful. One of the best ways to align constituents with your vision and goals is through forming relationships through encouragement. â€Å"Giving encouragement requires us to get close to people and show that we care†¦ t’s more likely to accomplish something other forms (of feedback) cannot: strengthening trust between leaders and constituents† (Kouzes and Posner, 2002, p. 321). Futhermore, Freire (2000) describes the benefits of an encouraged and enabled group of workers when he writes: â€Å"This adherence coincides with the trust the people begin to place in themselves nd in the revolutionary leaders, as the former perceive the dedication and authenticity of the later. The trust of the people in the leaders reflects the confidence of the leaders in the people. † ( p. 150) Encouraging and enabling constituents is ongoing task that requires a continual commitment of transforming leaders. However, the satisfaction and success that comes with leading an encouraged team of workers enabled to do their Job well is unparallel and critical to the overall success of organizations.†Leadership is not an affair of the head. Leadership is an affair of the heart† (Kouzes and Posner, 2002, p. 99) It is with those words that The Leadership Challenge concludes and we are reminded that transforming leadership all begins with the heart and integrity of the leader. However, character and integrity are not enough as transforming leaders are required to not only understand various frames of reference, but also pull constituents towards the logos enabling them to operate outside their natural frame of references and in the process become transforming lea ders themselves. When leading with integrity, a transforming leader who encourages and enables positions themselves, their constituents, and their organization for success. How to cite Personal Leadership, Papers

The Life Of Robert E Lee Essay free essay sample

The Life Of Robert E. Lee Essay, Research Paper General Robert E. Lee was a superb military leader. He was one of the greatest factors that kept the Confederacy alive through the four old ages of our Civil War. Through a unsmooth childhood and many battles, he rose to go one of the most well-thought-of leaders in history. He is revered as a hero, in his love for his work forces and for contending for what he thought was right. He fought for his state and his bosom, non for what awards or congratulations he might acquire out of triumph. For this virtuousness he was adored by 1000000s, and feared by his enemies. Never before in history had a general had such an unbreakable bond with an ground forces. Even when decease was certain, his work forces begged him to allow them bear down once more. They loved Lee because he protected and loved all his work forces. His devotedness to his state and to his ground forces came before everything but God. Robert E. Lee is an icon of what a existent leader should be. One of the chief grounds Lee grew to be so devoted and responsible was because of his male parent s influence. Light Horse Harry Lee, a great military leader in the Revolutionary War and close friend of Washington, was Lee s father. Light Horse Harry Lee lacked every trait of duty and self-denial. He married his cousin Matilda, and invested much of her abundant baccy luck. This money along with money from his friends was used in rash existent estate strategies. Henry Lee squandered so much money in irrational investings that Matilda chose to go through on her heritage to her kids. Her sudden decease in 1790 left most of her properties to her kids. Lee so married Robert s female parent, Ann Carter. He lost a batch of her money as good, so by the clip Robert Edward was born, January 19, 1807, the one time brilliant Stratford Hall was in shambles. While Robert was immature, his male parent was ever avoiding his yesteryear. In one last effort to derive back the doomed money, Henry Lee bet everything that he had in a existent estate strategy. He lost $ 40,000 and was sent to debitors prison. Robert was merely six when his pa left, this forced him to turn up in a haste. While his brothers were busy with callings, Lee took attention of his unhealthy female parent and his ill sister Ann. When he was merely 13 he was making all the shopping, housework, maintaining up the evidences, rationing out his female parents medicine, and assisting her get about. Although he loved swimming and athleticss, these duties left him small clip to make so. His female parent frequently drilled him on the importance of self-denial, forbearance, and duty, the qualities his male parent lacked so much. Robert was adored and respected by friends and neighbours, but particularly his female parent. He was rewarded with love and grasp from all that knew him. Despite the rough strains put on him, Robert remained cheerful. Although the Lees had small money and no land, they were still Lees, and still considered to be really influential. Robert s mother s side, the Carters, had set up a male childs and misss school for their kids s direction. Robert went to school at that place for two old ages. He so enrolled at Alexandria Academy in 1820. He went to school at that place for three old ages, but when he was 17, lee decided to look to his future calling. Although Lee had first-class classs at school, he had really few options to turn to. He had no land to farm, and his household didn T have adequate money to set him through college. Therefore, Lee decided to follow in his male parent s footfalls and prosecute a military calling. He competed for one of the 250 gaps at the esteemed United States Military Academy, West Point. The authorities would pay for his tuition, and Lee could number on his household name, every bit good as he outstanding academic record, to acquire him in. Lee was accepted to West Point and entered the Academy in 1825. At West Point, Lee continued to continue a about perfect record. He was really devoted to his surveies and was ranked near the top of his category throughout his clip at West Point. He was a really moral adult male and didn T drink or swear. He was besides orderly, good mannered, and neer violated any of the ground forces s picky regulations. Lee was good liked by his schoolmates. He was non one to knock others for their behaviour. By his 4th twelvemonth, Lee was named aide of the corps of plebes, which is the academy s highest-ranking pupil. However, the academy did non ever suit Lee. One regulation stated that no plebe could go forth the academy for the first two old ages. This posed a job due to the hapless wellness of Lee s female parent. Therefore, upon his graduation in 1829, Lee rushed place to be at his female parent s side. He stayed with her invariably at her bedside. One month subsequently, she died. With no more household ties, Robert accepted his first military assignment at Cockspur Island near Savannah, Georgia. Despite his credence into the elect ground forces corps of applied scientists, Lee s chief undertaking was the everyday building work of largely hive awaying creaky ground forces garrisons. He frequently had to force through knee-high clay to oversee the building work. Although his household name had helped him in the yesteryear, it seemed to go forth him with a bad repute for matrimonial jobs. Those who knew Lee said that he should be one of society s most sought-after unmarried mans. Robert courted a cousin he had known from childhood, Mary Anna Randolph Custis. They were married in June of 1831. Sadly plenty, Mary was far from being suited for military life when she joined Robert at his new station at garrison Monroe. She stayed at that place bored, unsociable, and unhappy. After merely a brief clip, Mary talked Robert into allowing her spell place for a visit. This visit stretched into months and the first Lee was born at her household estate. Lee s work was really disappointing in his early old ages of matrimony. At Fort Monroe, he spent his clip directing building undertakings and halting battles. He was so eager for a new undertaking that he accepted a desk occupation at the Army s Chief of Engineers Office in Washington, D.C. The work was as boring and mundane as he had suspected. However, he did get away West to assist a small difference. However, during this clip Lee s married woman had their 2nd kid and became really sick and bedfast for months. Although she recovered this clip, her wellness was neer rather the same. Finally Robert was forced to care for his bedfast married woman, merely as he had for his female parent. Over clip, Lee wondered if he was in the right profession. His work was unfulfilling and he was torn between the armed forces and his household. He frequently expressed his desire to merely travel place. The one time cheerful partygoer began to steal into depression. Lee went from occupation to occupation, taking his household with him. Forming a form, Lee would accept a new assignment, he and his household would travel, Mary would go pregnant, and they would travel back with her household. The United States determination to travel to war with Mexico did non delight Lee at all. Lee felt that we had bullied Mexico, and he didn T like that at all. Although this heightened his disfavor for political relations, he was determined to transport out his orders to the best of his ability. During the Mexico struggle, Lee had several undertakings. His first assignment was to build roads and Bridgess in Texas and in New Mexico. Then he was chosen by General Winfield Scott to fall in his personal staff for the Mexican invasion. Lee was found to be really skilled at reconnoitering out terrain, happening enemy failings, and strategically placing heavy weapon at its most good musca volitanss. This was unsafe work and Lee was one time about shot by his ain work forces. More than one time, Lee placed the ground forces in the right topographic point at the right clip. Because of this, Scott’s ground forces captured the Mexican capital, and the U.S. won big measures of land in the sou-west. Lee s actions in the war with Mexico impressed many people. Scott stated that neer earlier had he seen one soldier make so much. Such congratulations should hold sent Lee surging through the ranks, but the ground forces had set to the boring undertaking of reconstructing garrisons. Therefore, many officers, like Lee, were heedlessly overlooked. Though Lee was a fantastic adult male, when it came to conflict, duty, and schooling, he wasn t every bit perfect as history books make him out to be. Some of co-workers described him as being immune from all wickednesss and defects, which was far from true. He sometimes had ferocious effusions from his pique, which caused many that had to cover with him on a day-to-day footing to populate in fright of him. After the Mexican War, Lee was assigned to more everyday undertakings of everyday munition assignments. However, as a wages he was offered the place of the U.S. Military Academy. Although Lee protested the re-assignment, the ground forces ignored his protests. Lee s move turned out o be really good. For the first clip in his military calling, the life quarters were suited for his household, and they moved with him to West Point. He learned how to cover with immature soldiers, and he made friendly relationships that would assist him in subsequently old ages. Despite his want to remain with his household, Lee was offered promotion and was promoted to lieutenant colonel and was made 2nd in bid of a freshly organizing Calvary unit formed in Texas. However, Lee s undertakings here were largely long rides to sit in opinion of tribunal soldierly instances. It wasn t long until he became lonely and depressed once more. It seemed as though there was a lifting storm in the United States. There was a het issue of bondage and a session was about to rupture the state in half. Southern politicians felt a turning sense to organize their ain brotherhood. Lee was, queerly, against this, saying that he had no desire to populate under any other authorities, and he was ready to give to continue the brotherhood. However, at the same clip, Lee remained loyal to Virginia. Thinking that provinces had the right to regulate themselves, and that bondage should and would be phased out. Lee was sent back to his assignment in Texas, but at the same clip, Lincoln was put into office and South Carolina seceded. War was inevitable. Increasingly, states left the brotherhood and when it was Texas s bend Lee found himself in enemy district. He escaped though by being called to Washington D.C. But from at that place, it got worse. Federal officers expected Lee to stay loyal to the brotherhood. He was offered a publicity to full colonel, which he accepted. He was besides asked to take the topographic point of the aging General Winfield Scott as the commanding force on the battleground. For Lee it was like a dream semen true, but he wavered and his trueness came to be a factor. He could non be persuaded and resigned from the Union ground forces to fall in the Confederates cause. The new Confederate president held high respect for Lee, and wanted to hold him as an adviser at all times. Therefore, Lee was far from the battleground when the first major run of the war occurred. The Battle of Bull Run was a arresting Union triumph, and Lee, who was a great factor in this, was ignored. Then Lee was sent out to Virginia to reorganize three beaten Confederate ground forces regiments, and lead an onslaught to halt the progressing brotherhood ground forces. This was evidently near impossible, and the Confederates gave up the land with out firing a individual shooting. Lee was sent back to more humble undertakings that proved to be easier. However, he grew restless for another assignment. He was chosen to take the topographic point of General Johnston, who was wounded in conflict, and command his ground forces. Lee was now in control of the Army of Northern Virginia. Now in bid Lee launched syrupy onslaughts on the brotherhood ground forces. Driving back the Union Army General, General McClellan from Richmond. He used superb schemes and cunning manoeuvres, demoing how complete he truly was. The adult male that was one time mocked was now being called a military mastermind. Contending one successful run after another until three lay waste toing yearss in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. The turning point in the war, the conflict of Gettysburg, began on July 1, 1863. Union corps held their line while backup arrived. While at the same clip the Confederate forces were to a great extent reinforced. By the terminal of the twenty-four hours, the Union had been pushed back to Cemetery Hill, and the town of Gettysburg belonged to the Southerners. Early on in the forenoon on June 2, the ground forcess established their places while expecting supports. There was no contending until late afternoon when the Confederates attacked the Unions left wing. This contending took topographic point at Little Round Top, Devil s Den, the Wheat Field, the Peach Orchard, and Emmitsburg Road. The Union was defeated every clip except at Little Round Top. However, the Union besides held the right wing at Culp s Hill and Cemetery Hill. On July 3, Lee took a major gamble on an utmost frontal assault against the Union, along the centre of Cemetery Hill. Known as Pickett s Charge, this catastrophe ended in a annihilating Confederate loss. The Confederate soldiers attempted to run right into canon fire with no protection. The South suffered enormous loss, from which it would neer retrieve. Despite the licking and humiliation they faced, Lee s work forces adored him. As he rode into cantonment to denote the retreat, they screamed for him to give them one more opportunity, and to hit the Union once more. This would intend about certain decease. Lee s work forces loved him so much that they were willing to decease for his cause and for him every bit good. That says more about his character than anything from any conflict he could hold fought does. To contend an enemy higher-up in Numberss at such awful disadvantage of place in the bosom of his ain district, when the freedom motion gave him the advantage of choosing his ain clip and topographic point for accepting conflict, seems to hold been the greatest military blooper and the consequence was the worst catastrophe which has fallen into our weaponries, ( Gary W Gallagher pages 2-3 ) . This statement sums up how people viewed Lee after Gettysburg. Though still held as a figure of regard, Lee was besides blamed for the loss of the war. An uneven combination he would hold to populate with. After the war, much of the South laid in ruins. Lee, cognizing that the South looked to him for hope, attempted to be an illustration of how Southerners should move. He took over a bantam weakness college, and even threatened to vacate if he heard a word of discourtesy against his former antagonist, President Ulysses S Grant. Lee ever felt that the southern cause was hopeless, but ever remained loyal. The glorification of responsibility done, the award of the unity of rule, ( Nathan Aaseng page 107 ) . Lee was ever faithful, no affair how he felt. What would people be like if they possessed this kid like religion? Lee died on October 12, 1870. He left a bequest of glare and absolute calamity conveying both sorrow and hope to a reconstructing state.

Why Bassanio Deserves To Win The Casket Essays - Orientalism

Why Bassanio Deserves To Win The Casket Why Bassanio Deserves to Win the Casket Test does he love her for herself or for the opportunity she offers him to renew his wasted estate? The other main characters are tried by events; Bassanio only passes a multiple-choice test. Nerissa, making the best of Portia's predicament, observes that the right casket will no doubt never be chosen by any rightly but one you shall rightly love. And as Bassanio hastens to his choice, Portia remarks, If you do love me, you will find me out. We may assume the test's validity as given. But for hostile critics some extratextual evidence of Bassanio's worthiness may be necessary. First let us admit that in the fairy-tale world to which Belmont is often said to belong, the fair lady's fortune is always a given, having no other signification than a reward for virtue. Let us further acknowledge that in the real world of Elizabeth, an impecunious young lord had no choice but to choose his partner from the available heiresses. We will entirely miss the point if we approach this marriage with our post-Romantic notions of individual free choice and true love; these are not the ways of this world. Among availabe heiresses, Portia is obviously a precious treasure: high mettled like Brutus's Portia, virtu- ous, beautiful, _and_ rich. Bassanio is no mean catch either: he is a peer of the realm (some thirty times he is Lord Bassanio, my lord, your lordship, your worship, and your honor). But he requires wealth to do justice to his title. Magnificence At a time when relationships were everything and money nothing, Bassanio's reckless expenditures, so painful to modern sensibilities, would have been seen as a virtue. He is what Aristotle calls a Great Soul, one who has no attachment to worldly goods, who is fond of conferring benefits on others, for whom spending money is an art (Magnificence), and who spends gladly and lavishly, since nice calculation is shabby. _De Officiis_ declares that There is nothing more honorable and noble than to be indifferent to money. For him, money is a non-thing, a drudge for moving goods from one person to another, but never an end in itself. It has no more value than the water that carries the merchant's cargo, and we should deny no one the water that flows by. Bassanio is introduced as one who has disabled [his] estate/By something showing a more swelling port/Than [his] faint means would grant continuance. In dire financial straits, he expensively feasts his friends and plans to entertain them with a masque. He undertakes to hold a rival place with Portia's other suitors, both princes, and he therefore brings gifts of rich value to Belmont. He does not apologize for the noble rate of his expenditures; he trusts his luck. Later on, in another part of _The Merchant_, Jessica echoes Bassanio's prodigality, when she wastes away her little casket of gold and jewels at a rate of fourscore ducats a night and trades her father's wedding ring for a monkey, just to celebrate her marriage. And Portia knows precisely what kind of a man she is getting. Bassanio freely told her, on his first visit to Belmont, that all the wealth he had ran in [his] veins, that his state was nothing, but that didn't stop her from issuing a second invitation. She knows that he is a scholar and a soldier. He has had a good education. His military service is an even better recommendation, for, according to the leading authority on the subject, the principal and true profession of a Courtier ought to be in feats of arms. And he is well- connected, too, for he first came to Belmont in the company of the Marquis of Montferrat. The Marquisate of Montferrat belonged to the illustrious princely house of Gonzaga. Three Gonzagas participated in the dialogue of which _The Courtier_ consisted, The Lady Elizabeth Gonzaga in the chair. Thus Nerissa can say without reservation, He, of all men that ever my foolish eyes looked upon, was the best deserving a fair lady. On this topic Cicero quotes Themistocles' wishes for his daughter: For my part, I prefer a man without money to money without a man. When wealth is subject to fortune, a good man is a better bet. Portia has plenty of money; what she lacks is a man. In truth, if Bassanio passes her father's test, he is as big a catch for her as she is for him. Fortune To understand the casket test one must imagine some of the consequences of a living in a highly entropic

The implications for Theory Y Essay Example

The implications for Theory Y Essay Example The implications for Theory Y Essay The implications for Theory Y Essay Also including hygiene factors such as: 1. Pay and benefits 2. Company policy 3. Supervision 4. Job security 5. Working conditions Tesco uses each of these factors in order to motivate its staff by delegating responsibility and decision making which will help to improve the communication within the business and ensure staff are working to the best of their ability. Although by following these factors no social needs are looked into which can be important within a large business such as Tesco.The McGregor theory implies that workers are one of two types which are labelled theory X which include: 1. Individuals who dislike work and avoid it where possible 2. Individuals who lack ambition, dislike responsibility and prefer to be led 3. Individuals who desire security For Theory X workers in order to achieve organisational objectives, a business would need to include a management system, control and correct penalties where needed.And Theory Y workers can be described as: 1. Consider effort at work as just like rest or play 2. Ordinary people who do not dislike work. Depending on the working conditions, work could be considered a source of satisfaction or punishment 3. Individuals who seek responsibility The implications for Theory Y workers are that to achieve organisational objectives, various rewards can be used to motivate workers. Although in order for the workers to show development the workplace must create a working environment.The McGregor theory is used within Tesco by providing a management system for workers on the shop floor by offering one to one talks with their own sector manager which will help to establish objectives for their work and also gives the employees a chance to express any enquiries they may have about their job. The next theory I will look at is the McClelland theory which suggests that there are three main types of motivational needs: 1. The need for achievement 2. The need for authority and power 3. The need for affiliation.Tesco makes use of this theory as each employee and manager has differencing levels of needs, and this influences them within their working environment. Tesco do this by ensuring all employees feel a part of a group and a part of the company, this can be achieved by giving employees responsibility to complete tasks and also have a chance at promotion. The final theory I will explore is the Vroom theory which proposes that employees will work harder if they can see that the overall outcome of their work will benefit them more.This is shown using a formula that can be used to show how motivated someone is like ly to be. Tesco are able to use this by offering greater rewards for the work that their employees complete, which may include additional discounts on all areas of the company such as food and electronics and also offering their employees’ private health memberships.

Distillation Definition in Chemistry

Distillation Definition in Chemistry In the most general sense, distillation means to purify something. For example, one you might distill the main point from a story. In chemistry, distillation refers to a particular method of purifying liquids: Distillation Definition Distillation is the technique of heating a liquid to create vapor which is collected when cooled separate from the original liquid. Its based on the different boiling point or volatility values of the components. The technique may be used to separate components of a mixture or to aid in purification. The equipment used for distillation may be called a  distillation apparatus or  still. A structure designed to house one or more stills is termed a distillery. Distillation Example Pure water can be separated from salt water through distillation. Salt water is boiled to create form steam, but the salt remains in the solution. The steam is collected and allowed to cool back into salt-free water. The salt remains in the original container. Uses of Distillation Distillation has many applications: Its used in chemistry to separate and purify liquids.Distillation is used to make alcoholic beverages, vinegar, and purified water.Its one of the oldest methods of desalinating water. Distilled water dates back to at least 200 AD, when it was described by Greek philosopher Alexander of Aphrodisias.Distillation is used on an industrial scale to purify chemicals.The fossil fuel industry uses distillation to separate components of crude oil to make chemical feedstock and fuel. Types of Distillation Types of distillation include: Batch Distillation - A mixture of two volatile substances is heated until it boils. The vapor will contain a higher concentration of the more volatile component, so more of it will be condensed and removed from the system. This changes the ratio of components in the boiling mixture, raising its boiling point. If there is a large difference in the vapor pressure between the two components, the boiled liquid will become higher in the less volatile component, while the distillate will be mostly the more volatile component. Batch distillation is the most common type of distillation used in a laboratory. Continuous Distillation - Distillation is ongoing, with new liquid fed into the process and separated fractions continuously removed. Because new material is input, the concentrations of the components should not change as in batch distillation. Simple Distillation - In simple distillation, vapor enters a condenser, cools, and is collected. The resulting liquid has a composition identical to that of the vapor, so simple distillation is used when components have greatly different boiling points or to separate volatile from non-volatile components. Fractional Distillation - Both batch and continuous distillation may incorporate fractional distillation, which involves use of a fractionating column above the distillation flask. The column offers more surface area, allowing for more efficient condensation of vapor and an improved separation. A fractionating column may even be set up to include subsystems with separate liquid-vapor equilibrium values. Steam Distillation - In steam distillation, water is added to the distilling flask. This lowers the boiling point of the components so they may be separated at a temperature below their decomposition point. Other types of distillation include vacuum distillation, short-path distillation, zone distillation, reactive distillation, pervaporation, catalytic distillation, flash evaporation, freeze distillation, and extractive distillation,

Comprehensive Discussions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Comprehensive Discussions - Essay Example Every year the US Supreme Court takes up 100 to 150 cases for argument. Four justices must give their consent for hearing the case. The US Supreme Court is primarily an appellate court having jurisdiction over ambassadors as well as two or more states (Understanding Federal and State Courts). The Supreme Court has a chief justice as well as associate justices whose numbers are fixed by the American congress. The present number of associate justices is presently eight. The president of the US has the power to nominate the justices and their appointments are sanctioned according to the advices and consent of the senate. Article III, Â §1, of the Constitution further provides that the Judges of both Supreme and inferior Courts, shall hold their Offices during good Behavior, and Shall, at stated Times, receive for their Services, a Compensation, which shall not be diminished during their Continuance in Office. Article III, Â §1 of the constitution provides that the legal power of the United states shall be vested in only one supreme court as well as in such inferior courts as the congress may from time to time proclaim and institutes. Article. III, Â §2 states that the legal power shall be extended to all cases under the constitution to the US supreme court. It includes cases affecting ambassadors, public ministers, consuls, cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdictions, cases between two or more states, cases involving state and citizens of another state and of the same state, foreign states etc. In cases involving ambassadors and other public ministers, consuls, states, the US Supreme Court has the ultimate jurisdiction. In other cases the Supreme Court has appellate jurisdiction. The appellate jurisdiction has been given to the US Supreme Court by various statutes in the constitution. The basic statute which defines the judicial power is found in 28 U. S. C. Â §1251 et seq. The US c ongress from time to time gives powers to the US supreme court to prescribe

Plea bargaining Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Plea bargaining - Essay Example However, if the criminal knows he will most likely be pleading guilty to a lesser crime than the crime he is committing, the punishment for the lesser crime might not be enough to prevent him from committing it. While I agree that it is certainly true that many criminals will get away with a lesser charge, I think the harm caused by this is mitigated by the fact that more guilty criminals will be convicted. This is because it seems that someone who knows they are guilty is likely to accept a lesser charge, even if there is a possibility they will be acquitted. The second issue has to do with the concern that innocent people will plead guilty to lesser crimes. Although the defendant may know he is innocent, instead of maintaining this position, he may feel coerced into accepting the plea bargain. The innocent person may feel it’s not worth the risk to face the greater charge, and feel almost forced to plead guilty to a charge he never committed. I agree this is a serious moral issue, for if large amounts of people are pleading guilty to crimes they did not commit, then the credibility of our justice system is undermined. Despite moral criticisms plea bargains continue to play a key role in our justice system. Prosecutors still often benefit from the ability to get more convictions, while defense attorneys benefit from being able to get their clients a better deal. Perhaps more regulation needs to be provided to prevent coercion of innocent people. It’s doubtful though, that plea-bargaining will ever be eliminated from our legal system completely, and it will likely remain

The Bill of Rights Essay Example for Free

The Bill of Rights Essay The Bill of Rights practically became part of American constitution with the endorsement of the first ten amendments to the Constitution. When constitution was formally framed it contained Bill of rights in the form of charter of rights and liberties. But it was felt there were many things left to allow government to operate with full force. The name Bill of Rights was at once applied to these ten amendments, but in a truly national sense it was a misnomer. The restraints contained in them were imposed solely upon the federal government: the states were untouched by these prohibitory mandates. That seemed of little moment at the time, since most of the states had their own bills of rights and citizens of those states had varying degrees of double protection. Bill of Rights A new national responsibility had to be assumed, and one aspect of it was the expansion of the existing Bill of Rights to make its provisions effective against violation by the states as well as by the national government. Half a century later another amendment, the Nineteenth, wiped out a remaining inequality by extending the right of suffrage to women, and in 1964 the Twenty-Fourth Amendment struck down the poll tax as a device to restrict the right to vote. Thus, by subsequent growth as well as by antecedent beginnings, the identification of the first ten amendments as the American Bill of Rights became grossly inadequate. The American Bill of Rights as it exists today has to be brought together from all its sources, a compendium derived from the original Constitution, the first ten amendments and the subsequent amendments. Design and harmony emerge. In the entire worlds history there is nothing to compare with the pledges of human rights and freedom that have been worked into our charter of government at the great moments of national history. The swift ratification of the anti-poll-tax amendment, and the awakening of Congress revealed by passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, provided the first evidence of a relinking of freedom with justice in American public opinion. But the continuing assaults on the Supreme Court, for decisions deserving the highest praise, produced no general uprising in defense of the liberties implanted in the Constitution in the period of its adoption. Apathy due to ignorance, interacting with ignorance due to apathy, continued to be the outstanding feature of the popular reaction. On July 4, 1951, the Madison, Wisconsin, Capital-Times sent out two reporters to ask people encountered at random to sign a petition saying that they believed in the Declaration of Independence. Fear has to be combined with ignorance to produce such a state of mind, which allows active play to an equal ignorance inflamed by passion. Far fewer than half of the American people have the remotest idea of what their personal and political rights embrace. Still less do they know their neighbors rights. People will answer yes, when asked if they believe in a certain form of liberty guaranteed by the Constitution. What, then, is the Bill of Rights? Other reference works, histories and libertarian books consulted by him disclosed no adequate compilation of constitutional rights, liberties, privileges and immunities. Hamiltons argument was not wholly flawless, when he disparaged the impotent shoulds and ought tos of existing state declarations of rights. But there was a basic rightness in his assertion that such ethical aphorisms did less to secure recognition of popular rights than the Preamble to the Federal Constitution, whose wording he capitalized and italicized: Constitutional guarantees of liberty have been enormously enlarged. But the fundamental protection remains what it was in the beginningthe action of the People in ordaining and establishing the Constitution. In other words, the first and foremost element in the American Bill of Rights is the fact that we have a written Constitution, enforceable as it stands, and unchangeable by ordinary acts of legislation. Conclusion For the real significance of that fact, compare the American Bill of Rights with Englands great document, Magna Carta, of which its leading analyst, McKechnie, wrote: The great weakness of the Charter lay in this, that no adequate sanction was attached to it, in order to ensure the enforcement of its provisions. There could be no adequate sanction, because the Charter was not a constitution enforceable against king and parliament. Edward I repeated the restoring operation in 1297. Again and again, as century followed century, the Commons and Lords affirmed and English kings acknowledged that Magna Carta was the law of the land. Thirty-two times, wrote Sir Edward Coke in his Second Institute, the Charter had been enacted into law. Also, it is only fair to point out that between 1950 and 1960, certain written guarantees of the American Bill of Rights went in and out of the United States Constitution with an ease and frequency that made some Englishmen and Americans gasp, due chiefly to changes in the personnel of the Supreme Court. In England, all acts of Parliament are the validly enforceable law of the country, binding on the courts. A British law may play havoc with the British Constitution, and it is still a valid law. The great need of the present day is to cast off fear of freedom, and recapture the courage and vision of those who first erected the standard of American liberty. pity checks in government employment, extending far beyond the legitimate needs connected with national defense. Stalin robbed the Soviet treasury if he paid Chambers twenty rubles for them. WORKS CITED Kramer, Daniel C. The Price of Rights: The Courts, Government Largesse, and Fundamental Liberties. New York: Peter Lang, 2004. Martin, Rex. A System of Rights. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1997. Van Kley, Dale, ed. The French Idea of Freedom: The Old Regime and the Declaration of Rights of 1789. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1994. Wood, James E. , ed. The First Freedom: Religion the Bill of Rights. Waco, TX: J. M.

The Heroes of Tim OBriens The Things They Carried Essay examples --

The Heroes of Tim O'Brien's The Things They Carried  Ã‚   The word "hero" is so often used to describe people who overcome great difficulties and rise to the challenge that is set before them without even considering the overwhelming odds they are up against. In our culture, heroes are glorified in literature and in the media in various shapes and forms. However, I believe that many of the greatest heroes in our society never receive the credit that they deserve, much less fame or publicity. I believe that a hero is simply someone who stands up for what he/she believes in. A person does not have to rush into a burning building and save someone's life to be a hero. Someone who is a true friend can be a hero. A hero is someone who makes a difference in the lives of others simply by his/her presence. In Tim O'Brien's novel, The Things They Carried, the true heroes stand out in my mind as those who were true friends and fought for what they believed in. These men and women faced the atrocities of war on a daily basis, as explained by critic Dav id R. Jarraway's essay, "'Excremental Assault' in Tim O'Brien: Trauma and Recovery in Vietnam War Literature" and by Vietnam Veteran Jim Carter. Yet these characters became heroes not by going to drastic measures to do something that would draw attention to themselves, but by being true to their own beliefs and by making a difference to the people around them. One of the most striking examples of a hero in O'Brien's novel is the character Elroy Berdahl in the story "On the Rainy River." Berdahl runs the Tip Top Lodge near the Canadian border and takes O'Brien in at a point in his life where he feels he has nowhere and no one to turn to. Berdahl does not question O'Brien or try to persuad... ...SAP. King, Rosemary. "O'Brien's 'How to Tell a True War Story.'" The Explicator. 57.3 (1999): 182. Expanded Academic ASAP. Lopez, Ken. "Tim O'Brien: An Introduction to His Writing." Ken Lopez - Bookseller. 1997. 8 Oct 1999. . Passaro, Vince. "The Things They Carried (Review)." Harper's Magazine. 299.1791 (1999): 80. Expanded Academic ASAP. Robinson, Daniel. "Getting It Right: The Short Fiction of Tim O'Brien." Studies in Contemporary Fiction. 40.3 (1999): 257. Expanded Academic ASAP.    The student may wish to begin the paper with the following quote: Ah for a young man all looks fine and noble if he goes down in war, hacked to pieces under a slashing bronze blade he lies there dead. . .but whatever death lays bare all wounds are marks of glory. (Homer 22.83-87)       The Heroes of Tim O'Brien's The Things They Carried Essay examples -- The Heroes of Tim O'Brien's The Things They Carried  Ã‚   The word "hero" is so often used to describe people who overcome great difficulties and rise to the challenge that is set before them without even considering the overwhelming odds they are up against. In our culture, heroes are glorified in literature and in the media in various shapes and forms. However, I believe that many of the greatest heroes in our society never receive the credit that they deserve, much less fame or publicity. I believe that a hero is simply someone who stands up for what he/she believes in. A person does not have to rush into a burning building and save someone's life to be a hero. Someone who is a true friend can be a hero. A hero is someone who makes a difference in the lives of others simply by his/her presence. In Tim O'Brien's novel, The Things They Carried, the true heroes stand out in my mind as those who were true friends and fought for what they believed in. These men and women faced the atrocities of war on a daily basis, as explained by critic Dav id R. Jarraway's essay, "'Excremental Assault' in Tim O'Brien: Trauma and Recovery in Vietnam War Literature" and by Vietnam Veteran Jim Carter. Yet these characters became heroes not by going to drastic measures to do something that would draw attention to themselves, but by being true to their own beliefs and by making a difference to the people around them. One of the most striking examples of a hero in O'Brien's novel is the character Elroy Berdahl in the story "On the Rainy River." Berdahl runs the Tip Top Lodge near the Canadian border and takes O'Brien in at a point in his life where he feels he has nowhere and no one to turn to. Berdahl does not question O'Brien or try to persuad... ...SAP. King, Rosemary. "O'Brien's 'How to Tell a True War Story.'" The Explicator. 57.3 (1999): 182. Expanded Academic ASAP. Lopez, Ken. "Tim O'Brien: An Introduction to His Writing." Ken Lopez - Bookseller. 1997. 8 Oct 1999. . Passaro, Vince. "The Things They Carried (Review)." Harper's Magazine. 299.1791 (1999): 80. Expanded Academic ASAP. Robinson, Daniel. "Getting It Right: The Short Fiction of Tim O'Brien." Studies in Contemporary Fiction. 40.3 (1999): 257. Expanded Academic ASAP.    The student may wish to begin the paper with the following quote: Ah for a young man all looks fine and noble if he goes down in war, hacked to pieces under a slashing bronze blade he lies there dead. . .but whatever death lays bare all wounds are marks of glory. (Homer 22.83-87)      

Technology Changing Society

Technology changing society Today in America, people are more interested in the new technology that comes out than their world around them. Currently we are in a long drawn out war that never seems to end and still people today tune out to what is really important and draw into the meaningless technology that surrounds them. Ray Bradbury in Fahrenheit 451 puts these concepts into his wittings to show that technology has a huge effect on the people by the expense, the influence and the time consuming effects it has on the people. Technology is expensive, no question about it.People always want the latest and greatest and will pay any price to get it. Manufactures can price their product at extremely high end and the consumers will pay any price that they throw out at them. Buyers upgrade in their technology when what they had before worked just as well as the new. In the book, Mildred wanted another wall of TV. She didn’t care of the price that it was going to cost and what it was going to take to get it. â€Å"It’ll be even more fun when we can afford to have the forth wall installed. How long you figure before we save up and get the forth wall torn out and a fourth wall- TV put in?It’s only about two thousand dollars† (Bradbury 20). Mildred did not care the cost of the wall- TV even though it was one- third of her husband’s yearly pay. She was only worried about her own wants and desires. The pricy technology that Mildred wanted is an example of how the society has evolved into cherishing earthy treasures over things that truly matter. The media has a huge influence on people who watch and listen to it. Technology has made it possible for someone to sit at home, turn the TV on, and see whatever they want. While this can be a good thing, it can always dumb down society.People get so caught up in what is going on in the television shows that are playing that they lose track in what is real and just made up. They start to put th emselves in what they are watching and eventually it becomes their life. It is their every thought and makes it merely impossible to function without. Mildred in the story became this way. â€Å" Floating her, wide-eyed, toward morning† (Bradbury12). Mildred allows technology to dictate how she behaves and lives her life. When a person allows the waves of the sea to float them, they cannot control the direction n which they move. Mildred can no longer decide for herself what she wants to do and that her mind is dominated by technology pleasures. She started to betray her real life with her husband and begin a new one with her â€Å"family† from the shows she watched. It then became the norm to her and many other citizens in the city going through the same situation making a huge effect on society. Think about it†¦ The majority of a person’s day is spent with some type of technology influencing them, whether it is texting, computer work, television or any el ectronic device. The average American spends more time using media devices – television, radio, iPods, and cell phones- than any other activity while awake†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Ball State University) What is that saying? Why is our society consumed to these forms of technology? While this can be good giving people information and an easier way to learn about something, it often becomes overused and eventually overtakes the lives of the users. ‘â€Å" I always wanted something very small, something I could talk to, something I could blot out with the palm of my hand , if necessary, nothing that could shout me down, nothing monstrous big’† ( Bradbury 132).As said by Faber, he saw the dangers that technology offers, and the ability to take over. He trumps this danger physically, by keeping the threat literally small. Faber did not allow the technology to take over his life and consume his time. The story behind Bradbury’s book is made up, but is not far from reality. When Fahrenheit 451 was written, it was only the 50’s, but Bradbury could already tell where society was heading. The huge effects that technology had on the characters in the book with the expenses, the influences, and the time consuming consequences are the same people struggle with today†¦ 60 years later.

Reward Impacts on Job Satisfaction

Reward means giving or receiving something for a desirable effort or behavior. In this essay, impacts of external rewards will be discussed, such as privileges, money and other incentive. Using reward policy could be beneficial to organizations as well as employees. As a matter of fact there are a lot of evidence that have been provided by researchers, which show the direct relation between reward, performance and job satisfaction. In contrast, punishment is found necessary to apply in order to balance the strategy. This essay will compare the use of reward and punishment as well as ageing how incentive is to apply reward strategy within the organization. The essay is divided into two parts: first it will show the impact of reward on the employee’s job satisfaction as well as performance. Secondly, how reward will fortify the sense of competition and productivity among the employees. Ultimately, the essay concludes that the reward has positive effect on the employee’s performance within an organization. Every organization’s success is so dependent on its staff performance and therefore, keeping those employees motivated should be in the organization priority’s list. Much research has been conducted to explore the relationship between reward and performance. kilman(1989) found positive relation is so perceivable between reward and performance, however it was more specific in management . † More specifically, the reward system should be aligned to motivate employee performance that is consistent with the firm's strategy†, (Galbraith, 1973 Journal of Organizational Change Management, Vol. 4 No. 2, 2001, p. 114). Lazear (2000) shows significant positive effects of incentive pay on productivity (in the range of a 44-percent gain) in his unique dataset of a firm. These finding are all practical, reliable and applicable for organizations, hence employee’s level of performance can be increased by applying contingent reward in the organization’s strategy. Performance by employees is crucial to organization, so as employee job satisfaction, which is one of the incentive that helps to increase the employees to performance as well as encouraging them to focus more on their job. Like performance, employee’s job satisfaction can be increased by applying rewards. (Ritz,scott and cherrington, 1971). The reward can not increase the performance all the time but it always will increase the job satisfaction, therefore, based on the researches we could assume that the reward will fortify the employee’s satisfaction and since it benefits the organization by making its employee more committed and focus on their job, ultimately the organization’s yield will increase.

Genetic Engineering Debate essays

Genetic Engineering Debate essays New technologies are developing daily in our society. Revolutionary ideas and procedures are coming into use in a variety of different fields. One field of study involves genetic engineering. A number of applications for genetic engineering have already surfaced and they have proven to be beneficial in some areas but are highly controversial in others. Genetic engineering has become an important element in the realm of food production. Genetically modifying foods will help us reduce the use of synthetic pesticides which have been decreasing in effectiveness and have feed the Earths expanding population. Modified foods can help increase their resistance to pesticides and herbicides thereby decreasing use of these pollutant chemicals and allowing plants to naturally manufacture pesticides to keep insects away. It will also allow plants to grow under much harsher weather conditions and poor soil. This will lead to better yields and increased food production making it easier to feed all humans. Some critics, however, have doubts. They argue that genetically modified crops could transmit their modified genes to wild populations creating organisms against which humans may have no defense. Decreasing diversity in plant populations could make crops more susceptible to dangerous pathogens that could decimate their numbers. Another important argument revolves around the idea that people with food allergies and dietary conditions may have reactions to foods that contain dangerous substances due to modification that they may not previously have had. A second application of genetic engineering is in the field of gene therapy and treatment of genetic diseases through genetic modifications. Supporters of gene therapy believe that is the most reasonable and cost effective way to treat most genetic diseases because the treatment would only have to be administered once because the modification would be incorporated int...

Schmidt Surname Meaning and Family History

Schmidt Surname Meaning and Family History The surname Schmidt is an occupational surname for blacksmith or metalworker, from the German word schmied or the Danish smed. Schmidt is the German equivalent of the English surname SMITH. SCHMITZ is another German variant of this surname. SCHMIDT is the 2nd most common German surname  and the 31st most common Danish surname. Surname Origin:  German, Danish Alternate Surname Spellings:   SCHMID, SCHMITT, SCHMITZ Famous People with the Surname SCHMIDT: Kendall Schmidt - American actor and singerOtto Schmidt - Soviet geophysicist and polar explorerHelmut Schmidt - Chancellor of West Germany from 1974–1982 Where is the SCHMIDT Surname Most Common? Despite its German origins, the SCHMIDT surname today is most prevalent in the United States, according  to surname distribution from  Forebears. It is more common  based on population percentage, however, in countries such as Austria (where it ranks 22nd in the nation), Denmark (31st), Greenland (41st), Switzerland (43rd) and  Liechtenstein (48th). According to  WorldNames PublicProfiler, Schmidt is found most frequently in Germany. The surname is common throughout the country, but used by the greatest number of individuals in Thà ¼ringen and Sachsen-Anhalt. Schmidt is also extremely common in  Sà ¸nderjylland (Southern Jutland), Denmark. Genealogy Resources for the Surname SCHMIDT: Common German Surnames Their MeaningsUncover the meaning of your German last name with this free guide to German surnames meanings and origins. Schmidt  Family Crest - Its Not What You ThinkContrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Schmidt  family crest or coat of arms for the Schmidt surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted. Smith DNA ProjectOver 2400 individuals with the Smith surname- including variations such as Schmidt, Smythe, Smidt and Smitz- have joined this DNA project to use DNA in combination with genealogy research to sort out over 220 distinct groups of Smith descendants. Schmidt Family Genealogy ForumSearch this popular genealogy forum for the Schmidt surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Schmidt query. FamilySearch - SCHMIDT GenealogyExplore over 3.6  million results from digitized  historical records and lineage-linked family trees related to the Schmidt surname on this free website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. SCHMIDT Surname Family Mailing ListsRootsWeb hosts several free mailing lists for researchers of the Schmidt surname. DistantCousin.com - SCHMIDT  Genealogy Family HistoryExplore free databases and genealogy links for the last name Schmidt. GeneaNet - Schmidt  RecordsGeneaNet includes archival records, family trees, and other resources for individuals with the Schmidt  surname, with a concentration on records and families from France and other European countries. The Schmidt  Genealogy and Family Tree PageBrowse genealogy records and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the Schmidt  surname from the website of Genealogy Today.- References: Surname Meanings Origins Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998. Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997. Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997. Back toGlossary of Surname Meanings Origins

Pathology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Pathology - Essay Example Cirrhosis does not show any signs or symptoms in the earlier stages. The symptoms include fatigue, bleeding, itchy skin, jaundice, ascites, nausea, edema of lower limbs, weight loss and confusion. Once an individual shows such signs, it is important to have them tested or scanned to establish the problems with their liver (Healthcote, 2003). There are other diseases that have similar clinical manifestations so it is advised that one should have regular scans to avoid cases where cirrhosis could progress to lethal stages (Stephen, 2010). Cirrhosis is caused by the formation of tissues in the liver as the liver strains in its activities. In the process the liver gets injured and in its repairing mechanism there is the formation of scar fibrous material. The accumulation of the materials is what causes cirrhosis. Other factors that cause cirrhosis include hemochromatosis, Wilson’s disease, biliary atresia, galactosemia, hepatitis, alcohol abuse, primary, sclerosing cholangitis and schistosomiasis (The Mayo Clinic; Kushner and Edwards, 1993). Imaging through magnetic resonance elastography, magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography are used to see the liver damage. The doctor also gets the patient’s history before administering a plan. Cirrhosis may be controlled by changing lifestyles for the alcohol takers. Hepatitis can be controlled and nutritional supplements can be used to prevent further damage (Stephen,