Indian Mythology Of Hindu Mythology - 2302 Words

INTRODUCTION In Mythologies across the world there have been innumerable references to non-heterosexuality. Hindu mythology tells of women becoming men, such as Shikhandi, and men becoming women, in the case of Vishnu who turns Mohini. There are also stories of men creating children without women and vice versa, Nara and Narayana who gave birth to Urvashi, and the boneless Bhagirath who was born of two women. Even the languages of this country, Sanskrit, Prakrit and Tamil include words like kliba, napumsaka, mukhabhaga, pedi, etc that point to familiarity with non heterosexual behavior and thought. Indian mythology is a work in progress. That is to say a story that continues to be told and retold over generations. It has developed sub-plots; new characters have been introduced and relatable events and changes in perspectives according to the storyteller have taken place. This is especially true of the epics of Hindu mythology, the Ramayana and the Mahabharata. The Mahabharata reached its final form somewhere between 300 BCE and 300 CE. It is generally thought that it was initially a simple folk story. With each retelling, it was â€Å"appropriated, Sanskrit-ized, and sanitized by Brahmins†. Earlier the book was known as Jaya, with 8,800 verses, attributed to Vyasa; Bharata with 24,000 verses as recited by Vaisampayana, and finally the Mahabharata as told by Ugrasrava Sauti exceeding 100,000 verses. The present version includes eighteen chapters and spans over sevenShow MoreRelatedReligious Beliefs on the After-Life Essay965 Words   |  4 Pages2011). This essay will therefore compare the various aspects of believes After-life such as the definition of the particular religion, how the body is treated, death angels, judgment of the soul and reincarnation versus resurrection according to the Hindu and the Islamic religion. To first understand such elements on a particular religion, a basic understanding of that religion is necessary. 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The cultural context of India and its citizens that stems from Hindu mythology stem from how monkeys areRead MoreIndian Mythology And The Mahabharata1219 Words   |  5 PagesINTRODUCTION In Mythologies across the world there have been innumerable references to non-heterosexuality. Hindu mythology tells of women becoming men, such as Shikhandi, and men becoming women, in the case of Vishnu who turns Mohini. There are also stories of men creating children without women and vice versa, Nara and Narayana who gave birth to Urvashi, and the boneless Bhagirath who was born of two women. Even the languages of this country, Sanskrit, Prakrit and Tamil have words like kliba, napumsakaRead MoreSimilarities Between Ancient Greece And China Essay1224 Words   |  5 Pagesnation remained barbaric. In addition to the characteristics of Greece firmly held on to mythology and considered all the phenomena of life through the prism of its. Indian civilization was built on the strength of Vedic culture. This nation characterized by ethnic variety and social stratification, based on caste — from the wise priests to wage workers. Unlike the Greeks, Indians separates religion and mythology. Their interests have developed in Buddhism, the purpose of which was the endless rebirthRead MoreChallenging Lutgendorfs Ideas within his Article through Hayao Miyazakis Film, Spirited Away1740 Words   |  7 PagesPhilip Lutgendorf’s article, Is There An Indian Way of Filmmaking? (2006), he attempts to suggest how texts from the Indian cultural heritage could be used for the discourse of both Indian cinema as well as to the study of cinema itself, which justifies discussion. This essay will attempt to challenge Lutgendorf’s ideas within his article through Hayao Miyazaki’s film, Spirited Away (2001) through the discussion of manga/animae origin, Japanese mythology, and genre hybridity. Plot Summary: SpiritedRead MoreBoth Sides of the Coin of Indian Immigration to America1042 Words   |  4 Pageseducation; without any settlement plans. As said earlier, immigration forms the present face of the world. America is nothing more than unison of immigrants coming from different parts of the world. Even, the Aryans, who are the predecessors of north Indians, are believed to have migrated from Middle Asia to India. Immigration acts in both directions of development, the positive as well as negative. On one hand, it opens the way for talented and professional work force from the other lands. But it alsoRead MoreEssay on Arts of the Contact Zone by Mary Louise Pratt532 Words   |  3 Pagestowards the colonized subjects has often given rise to great revolutions and bitter revolts. 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I am giving the instructor the permission to use this assignment as an example for future cases for students and classes. I feel that I

Personal Leadership Free Essays

There are as many leadership philosophies as people and rightly so. Each person is unique in their own ways with specific personality traits and aptitudes which make them who they are. While some people are more naturally inclined towards leadership than others, the majority of leaders are developed through the continued honing of their leadership skills. We will write a custom essay sample on Personal Leadership or any similar topic only for you Order Now Along their leadership Journeys people acquire various skills and paradigms allowing them to extend and apply themselves beyond their own natural abilities. While people cannot change their genetic makeup, they an take specific action and make certain decisions to help them be an effective leader. In this paper I will discuss three leadership concepts (personal integrity, transforming leadership, and encouraging and enabling others) which convey my leadership philosophy. Finally, I will illustrate how the adaptation of these three concepts would help a person lead their organization more effectively. PERSONAL INTEGRITY There are many leaders and managers in our world who are given titles, yet fail to lead, guide, or unite their constituents because they fail to model their expectations. In The Leadership Challenge, Kouzes and Posner (2002) begin a discussion of modeling by saying â€Å"Titles are granted, but it’s your behavior that wins you respect† (p. 14). While salaries and titles may have some personal value toa leader, they mean little to their subordinates and may even be a target for criticism for some if a leader lacks integrity. As a leader, it is critical to model the way and move forth with servant leadership. Servant leadership is different from the traditional power- based leadership in many ways. Robert Greenleaf (2005) defines and identifies the oals of servant leadership by saying this: â€Å"The difference manifests itself in the care taken by the servant-first to make sure that other people’s highest priority needs are being served. The best test, and difficult to administer, is: Do those served grow as persons? Do they, while being served, become healthier, wiser, freer, more autonomous, more likely themselves to become servants? And, what is the effect on the least privileged in society? Will they benefit or at least not be further deprived? † (p. 25) The focus of servant leaders is on the raising up and growth of constituents through modeling. Rather than assigning a task and expected a result, servant leaders will come alongside constituents teaching them the way to accomplish the task and at the same time instilling the values of servanthood and modeling in them. effective leadership and greater rapport amongst constituents. Yukl (2006, p. 210) writes that â€Å"Integrity is a primary determinant of interpersonal trust. Unless one is perceived to be trustworthy, it is difficult to retain the loyalty of the followers or to obtain cooperation and support from peers and superiors. † Without the support and eamwork of constituents, a leader will fail to meet the set goals. The Center for Creative Leadership found that the absence of integrity directly correlated with the failure of leaders and vice versa (p. 211). For a leader to develop integrity amongst their constituents, they must be deemed honest, trustworthy, loyal, and uphold confidentiality. The development of a leader’s integrity requires time, energy, and patience invested in their workers through modeling and servant leadership. John J. Gardiner summarizes this competently in saying â€Å"integrity comes from sublimating our egos nd giving ourselves entirely to life† (Spears, 1998, p. 1 19). TRANSFORMING LEADERSHIP Many different paradigms of leadership exist and are useful tools for leading groups of people to success, but transforming leadership offers an excellent overarching view and structure for leaders to use when working with people of different values and persuasions. James MacGregor Burns says the transforming leader â€Å"looks for potential motives in the followers, seeks to satisfy higher needs, and engages the full person of the follower,’ which results in ‘a relationship of mutual stimulation and levation’ for both leader and follower† (Carey, 2008, p. 7). By having insights into the constituents’ attitude towards the organization, the transforming leader can develop personalized strategies to help workers move closer accomplishing both the goals of the organizations and their personal aspirations. In the second module, the five frames of reference were described illustrating the disruption causes by self-embeddedeness. Being stuck in a single frame of reference can become a problem for a worker when required to work with those stuck in other frames of reference. When the partial truths contained in one of the individual the frames are confused with the whole Truth, then whatever value there is in the frame’s outlook becomes distorted† Carey, 2008, p. 2). When a leader operates solely within a single frame of reference, their distortions impact the goals and workers of the organization. Transforming leaders move from their original frame of reference towards a â€Å"fundamental option for self-transcendence† which â€Å"pulls the individual toward the logos and, therefore, in the direction of either transactional or transforming leadership† (Carey, 2008, p. ). While transactional leadership is sometimes necessary to accomplish intermediate goals and simple tasks, the conversion of workers to leaders through transforming leadership will be more likely to accomplish long-term success for both the organization and its constituents. I have never encountered a person who has claimed they have received too much encouragement. I have also never met anyone that has single-handedly made their organization successful. In other words, leaders need to be surrounded with people united in purpose for their organization to be successful. One of the best ways to align constituents with your vision and goals is through forming relationships through encouragement. â€Å"Giving encouragement requires us to get close to people and show that we care†¦ t’s more likely to accomplish something other forms (of feedback) cannot: strengthening trust between leaders and constituents† (Kouzes and Posner, 2002, p. 321). Futhermore, Freire (2000) describes the benefits of an encouraged and enabled group of workers when he writes: â€Å"This adherence coincides with the trust the people begin to place in themselves nd in the revolutionary leaders, as the former perceive the dedication and authenticity of the later. The trust of the people in the leaders reflects the confidence of the leaders in the people. † ( p. 150) Encouraging and enabling constituents is ongoing task that requires a continual commitment of transforming leaders. However, the satisfaction and success that comes with leading an encouraged team of workers enabled to do their Job well is unparallel and critical to the overall success of organizations.†Leadership is not an affair of the head. Leadership is an affair of the heart† (Kouzes and Posner, 2002, p. 99) It is with those words that The Leadership Challenge concludes and we are reminded that transforming leadership all begins with the heart and integrity of the leader. However, character and integrity are not enough as transforming leaders are required to not only understand various frames of reference, but also pull constituents towards the logos enabling them to operate outside their natural frame of references and in the process become transforming lea ders themselves. When leading with integrity, a transforming leader who encourages and enables positions themselves, their constituents, and their organization for success. How to cite Personal Leadership, Papers

The Life Of Robert E Lee Essay free essay sample

The Life Of Robert E. Lee Essay, Research Paper General Robert E. Lee was a superb military leader. He was one of the greatest factors that kept the Confederacy alive through the four old ages of our Civil War. Through a unsmooth childhood and many battles, he rose to go one of the most well-thought-of leaders in history. He is revered as a hero, in his love for his work forces and for contending for what he thought was right. He fought for his state and his bosom, non for what awards or congratulations he might acquire out of triumph. For this virtuousness he was adored by 1000000s, and feared by his enemies. Never before in history had a general had such an unbreakable bond with an ground forces. Even when decease was certain, his work forces begged him to allow them bear down once more. They loved Lee because he protected and loved all his work forces. His devotedness to his state and to his ground forces came before everything but God. Robert E. Lee is an icon of what a existent leader should be. One of the chief grounds Lee grew to be so devoted and responsible was because of his male parent s influence. Light Horse Harry Lee, a great military leader in the Revolutionary War and close friend of Washington, was Lee s father. Light Horse Harry Lee lacked every trait of duty and self-denial. He married his cousin Matilda, and invested much of her abundant baccy luck. This money along with money from his friends was used in rash existent estate strategies. Henry Lee squandered so much money in irrational investings that Matilda chose to go through on her heritage to her kids. Her sudden decease in 1790 left most of her properties to her kids. Lee so married Robert s female parent, Ann Carter. He lost a batch of her money as good, so by the clip Robert Edward was born, January 19, 1807, the one time brilliant Stratford Hall was in shambles. While Robert was immature, his male parent was ever avoiding his yesteryear. In one last effort to derive back the doomed money, Henry Lee bet everything that he had in a existent estate strategy. He lost $ 40,000 and was sent to debitors prison. Robert was merely six when his pa left, this forced him to turn up in a haste. While his brothers were busy with callings, Lee took attention of his unhealthy female parent and his ill sister Ann. When he was merely 13 he was making all the shopping, housework, maintaining up the evidences, rationing out his female parents medicine, and assisting her get about. Although he loved swimming and athleticss, these duties left him small clip to make so. His female parent frequently drilled him on the importance of self-denial, forbearance, and duty, the qualities his male parent lacked so much. Robert was adored and respected by friends and neighbours, but particularly his female parent. He was rewarded with love and grasp from all that knew him. Despite the rough strains put on him, Robert remained cheerful. Although the Lees had small money and no land, they were still Lees, and still considered to be really influential. Robert s mother s side, the Carters, had set up a male childs and misss school for their kids s direction. Robert went to school at that place for two old ages. He so enrolled at Alexandria Academy in 1820. He went to school at that place for three old ages, but when he was 17, lee decided to look to his future calling. Although Lee had first-class classs at school, he had really few options to turn to. He had no land to farm, and his household didn T have adequate money to set him through college. Therefore, Lee decided to follow in his male parent s footfalls and prosecute a military calling. He competed for one of the 250 gaps at the esteemed United States Military Academy, West Point. The authorities would pay for his tuition, and Lee could number on his household name, every bit good as he outstanding academic record, to acquire him in. Lee was accepted to West Point and entered the Academy in 1825. At West Point, Lee continued to continue a about perfect record. He was really devoted to his surveies and was ranked near the top of his category throughout his clip at West Point. He was a really moral adult male and didn T drink or swear. He was besides orderly, good mannered, and neer violated any of the ground forces s picky regulations. Lee was good liked by his schoolmates. He was non one to knock others for their behaviour. By his 4th twelvemonth, Lee was named aide of the corps of plebes, which is the academy s highest-ranking pupil. However, the academy did non ever suit Lee. One regulation stated that no plebe could go forth the academy for the first two old ages. This posed a job due to the hapless wellness of Lee s female parent. Therefore, upon his graduation in 1829, Lee rushed place to be at his female parent s side. He stayed with her invariably at her bedside. One month subsequently, she died. With no more household ties, Robert accepted his first military assignment at Cockspur Island near Savannah, Georgia. Despite his credence into the elect ground forces corps of applied scientists, Lee s chief undertaking was the everyday building work of largely hive awaying creaky ground forces garrisons. He frequently had to force through knee-high clay to oversee the building work. Although his household name had helped him in the yesteryear, it seemed to go forth him with a bad repute for matrimonial jobs. Those who knew Lee said that he should be one of society s most sought-after unmarried mans. Robert courted a cousin he had known from childhood, Mary Anna Randolph Custis. They were married in June of 1831. Sadly plenty, Mary was far from being suited for military life when she joined Robert at his new station at garrison Monroe. She stayed at that place bored, unsociable, and unhappy. After merely a brief clip, Mary talked Robert into allowing her spell place for a visit. This visit stretched into months and the first Lee was born at her household estate. Lee s work was really disappointing in his early old ages of matrimony. At Fort Monroe, he spent his clip directing building undertakings and halting battles. He was so eager for a new undertaking that he accepted a desk occupation at the Army s Chief of Engineers Office in Washington, D.C. The work was as boring and mundane as he had suspected. However, he did get away West to assist a small difference. However, during this clip Lee s married woman had their 2nd kid and became really sick and bedfast for months. Although she recovered this clip, her wellness was neer rather the same. Finally Robert was forced to care for his bedfast married woman, merely as he had for his female parent. Over clip, Lee wondered if he was in the right profession. His work was unfulfilling and he was torn between the armed forces and his household. He frequently expressed his desire to merely travel place. The one time cheerful partygoer began to steal into depression. Lee went from occupation to occupation, taking his household with him. Forming a form, Lee would accept a new assignment, he and his household would travel, Mary would go pregnant, and they would travel back with her household. The United States determination to travel to war with Mexico did non delight Lee at all. Lee felt that we had bullied Mexico, and he didn T like that at all. Although this heightened his disfavor for political relations, he was determined to transport out his orders to the best of his ability. During the Mexico struggle, Lee had several undertakings. His first assignment was to build roads and Bridgess in Texas and in New Mexico. Then he was chosen by General Winfield Scott to fall in his personal staff for the Mexican invasion. Lee was found to be really skilled at reconnoitering out terrain, happening enemy failings, and strategically placing heavy weapon at its most good musca volitanss. This was unsafe work and Lee was one time about shot by his ain work forces. More than one time, Lee placed the ground forces in the right topographic point at the right clip. Because of this, Scott’s ground forces captured the Mexican capital, and the U.S. won big measures of land in the sou-west. Lee s actions in the war with Mexico impressed many people. Scott stated that neer earlier had he seen one soldier make so much. Such congratulations should hold sent Lee surging through the ranks, but the ground forces had set to the boring undertaking of reconstructing garrisons. Therefore, many officers, like Lee, were heedlessly overlooked. Though Lee was a fantastic adult male, when it came to conflict, duty, and schooling, he wasn t every bit perfect as history books make him out to be. Some of co-workers described him as being immune from all wickednesss and defects, which was far from true. He sometimes had ferocious effusions from his pique, which caused many that had to cover with him on a day-to-day footing to populate in fright of him. After the Mexican War, Lee was assigned to more everyday undertakings of everyday munition assignments. However, as a wages he was offered the place of the U.S. Military Academy. Although Lee protested the re-assignment, the ground forces ignored his protests. Lee s move turned out o be really good. For the first clip in his military calling, the life quarters were suited for his household, and they moved with him to West Point. He learned how to cover with immature soldiers, and he made friendly relationships that would assist him in subsequently old ages. Despite his want to remain with his household, Lee was offered promotion and was promoted to lieutenant colonel and was made 2nd in bid of a freshly organizing Calvary unit formed in Texas. However, Lee s undertakings here were largely long rides to sit in opinion of tribunal soldierly instances. It wasn t long until he became lonely and depressed once more. It seemed as though there was a lifting storm in the United States. There was a het issue of bondage and a session was about to rupture the state in half. Southern politicians felt a turning sense to organize their ain brotherhood. Lee was, queerly, against this, saying that he had no desire to populate under any other authorities, and he was ready to give to continue the brotherhood. However, at the same clip, Lee remained loyal to Virginia. Thinking that provinces had the right to regulate themselves, and that bondage should and would be phased out. Lee was sent back to his assignment in Texas, but at the same clip, Lincoln was put into office and South Carolina seceded. War was inevitable. Increasingly, states left the brotherhood and when it was Texas s bend Lee found himself in enemy district. He escaped though by being called to Washington D.C. But from at that place, it got worse. Federal officers expected Lee to stay loyal to the brotherhood. He was offered a publicity to full colonel, which he accepted. He was besides asked to take the topographic point of the aging General Winfield Scott as the commanding force on the battleground. For Lee it was like a dream semen true, but he wavered and his trueness came to be a factor. He could non be persuaded and resigned from the Union ground forces to fall in the Confederates cause. The new Confederate president held high respect for Lee, and wanted to hold him as an adviser at all times. Therefore, Lee was far from the battleground when the first major run of the war occurred. The Battle of Bull Run was a arresting Union triumph, and Lee, who was a great factor in this, was ignored. Then Lee was sent out to Virginia to reorganize three beaten Confederate ground forces regiments, and lead an onslaught to halt the progressing brotherhood ground forces. This was evidently near impossible, and the Confederates gave up the land with out firing a individual shooting. Lee was sent back to more humble undertakings that proved to be easier. However, he grew restless for another assignment. He was chosen to take the topographic point of General Johnston, who was wounded in conflict, and command his ground forces. Lee was now in control of the Army of Northern Virginia. Now in bid Lee launched syrupy onslaughts on the brotherhood ground forces. Driving back the Union Army General, General McClellan from Richmond. He used superb schemes and cunning manoeuvres, demoing how complete he truly was. The adult male that was one time mocked was now being called a military mastermind. Contending one successful run after another until three lay waste toing yearss in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. The turning point in the war, the conflict of Gettysburg, began on July 1, 1863. Union corps held their line while backup arrived. While at the same clip the Confederate forces were to a great extent reinforced. By the terminal of the twenty-four hours, the Union had been pushed back to Cemetery Hill, and the town of Gettysburg belonged to the Southerners. Early on in the forenoon on June 2, the ground forcess established their places while expecting supports. There was no contending until late afternoon when the Confederates attacked the Unions left wing. This contending took topographic point at Little Round Top, Devil s Den, the Wheat Field, the Peach Orchard, and Emmitsburg Road. The Union was defeated every clip except at Little Round Top. However, the Union besides held the right wing at Culp s Hill and Cemetery Hill. On July 3, Lee took a major gamble on an utmost frontal assault against the Union, along the centre of Cemetery Hill. Known as Pickett s Charge, this catastrophe ended in a annihilating Confederate loss. The Confederate soldiers attempted to run right into canon fire with no protection. The South suffered enormous loss, from which it would neer retrieve. Despite the licking and humiliation they faced, Lee s work forces adored him. As he rode into cantonment to denote the retreat, they screamed for him to give them one more opportunity, and to hit the Union once more. This would intend about certain decease. Lee s work forces loved him so much that they were willing to decease for his cause and for him every bit good. That says more about his character than anything from any conflict he could hold fought does. To contend an enemy higher-up in Numberss at such awful disadvantage of place in the bosom of his ain district, when the freedom motion gave him the advantage of choosing his ain clip and topographic point for accepting conflict, seems to hold been the greatest military blooper and the consequence was the worst catastrophe which has fallen into our weaponries, ( Gary W Gallagher pages 2-3 ) . This statement sums up how people viewed Lee after Gettysburg. Though still held as a figure of regard, Lee was besides blamed for the loss of the war. An uneven combination he would hold to populate with. After the war, much of the South laid in ruins. Lee, cognizing that the South looked to him for hope, attempted to be an illustration of how Southerners should move. He took over a bantam weakness college, and even threatened to vacate if he heard a word of discourtesy against his former antagonist, President Ulysses S Grant. Lee ever felt that the southern cause was hopeless, but ever remained loyal. The glorification of responsibility done, the award of the unity of rule, ( Nathan Aaseng page 107 ) . Lee was ever faithful, no affair how he felt. What would people be like if they possessed this kid like religion? Lee died on October 12, 1870. He left a bequest of glare and absolute calamity conveying both sorrow and hope to a reconstructing state.